How substitutable is natural capital ? /
Markandya, Anil 1945-
How substitutable is natural capital ? / Anil Markandya and Suzette Pedroso-Galinato. - Washington, D.C. : World Bank, 2005 - 19 p. ; 23 cm. - Policy research working paper ; 3803 . - Policy research working papers (Online) ; 3803. .
Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/10/2006.
Includes bibliographical references.
"One of the recurring themes in the sustainability literature has been the legitimacy of using an economic framework to account for natural resources. This paper examines the potential for substituting between different inputs in the generation of income, where the inputs include natural resources such as land and energy resources. A nested constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function is used to allow flexibility in the estimated elasticities of substitution. Also, with this specification, natural resources and other inputs are combined in different levels of the function, thus allowing for different levels of substitutability. Institutional and economic indicators are also incorporated in the production function estimated. Results show that the elasticities derived from functions involving land resources were generally around one or greater, implying a fairly high degree of substitutability. Furthermore, changes in trade openness and private sector investment have a statistically significant and direct relationship with income generation. No statistically significant relationship between income and any of the institutional indicators was found. "--World Bank web site.
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
2005705502
Natural resources.
Substitute products.
Substitution (Economics)
HG3881.5.W57
333.7 / MAH 2005
How substitutable is natural capital ? / Anil Markandya and Suzette Pedroso-Galinato. - Washington, D.C. : World Bank, 2005 - 19 p. ; 23 cm. - Policy research working paper ; 3803 . - Policy research working papers (Online) ; 3803. .
Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/10/2006.
Includes bibliographical references.
"One of the recurring themes in the sustainability literature has been the legitimacy of using an economic framework to account for natural resources. This paper examines the potential for substituting between different inputs in the generation of income, where the inputs include natural resources such as land and energy resources. A nested constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function is used to allow flexibility in the estimated elasticities of substitution. Also, with this specification, natural resources and other inputs are combined in different levels of the function, thus allowing for different levels of substitutability. Institutional and economic indicators are also incorporated in the production function estimated. Results show that the elasticities derived from functions involving land resources were generally around one or greater, implying a fairly high degree of substitutability. Furthermore, changes in trade openness and private sector investment have a statistically significant and direct relationship with income generation. No statistically significant relationship between income and any of the institutional indicators was found. "--World Bank web site.
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
2005705502
Natural resources.
Substitute products.
Substitution (Economics)
HG3881.5.W57
333.7 / MAH 2005